问题描述：
毕业外文翻译要用..尽快谢谢.最好带翻译的.有加分.
问题解答：
1要有导游基础知识,如交通,票务,宾馆常识,
2良好的带团技能
3良好的沟通能力
4语言和语文能力
5建筑的基本知识,包括园林,庙宇等
6宗教基本常识,如佛教的基本知识等
7旅游地理知识
8民族和民俗知识
通过了国家导游资格考试，履行一定的手续就可以挂牌带团，但这并不等于就能因此成为一名好导游，因为通过了考试并不意味着具有实际带团能力，二者之间存在着相当的差距。导游带团有许许多多技巧性的东西，要掌握这些技巧就需要在实践当中磨练，在实践当中多向别人学习。
好导游如何提高实践能力？
一、好导游要多从感情上与游客沟通。沟通得好，导游与游客会走得相近，心心相通，困难就变得容易解决；沟通得不好，游客就会对导游产生躲避心理，其关系会越处越难，甚至会到了游客无法接受该导游服务的地步，最后闹得不欢而散。好的导游能带动全团的情绪，比如一个妙趣横生的小笑话就能与游客拉近距离。即使出现意外事件，好导游也能顺利地解决。
二、好导游要具有较高的口语表达水平，要熟知本地区的风土人情；带外国团或出国的导游一定要精通外语。
三、好导游要具有广博的文化知识。不同的游客对文化知识的需求不会相同，因此导游的文化知识要全面：战争风云、兵器大观、古代文献、考古发掘、园林建筑、宗教信仰、文学艺术、民俗风情、修身养性、医学养生、饮食起居、娱乐健身、服饰衣帽、吹拉弹唱、花鸟鱼虫……
总之，一名好导游不一定是专家，但一定会是一名能沟通感情，具有较高语言表达水平的杂家
导游想要具有感染游客的人格魅力，必须做好四个方面：
一是把握价值取向，具有向心力。导游人员对旅游团队的吃、住、行、游、购、娱等活动全面负责，必须当好游客的主心骨，始终站在游客立场上，明辨是非曲直、认准价值取向，不随波逐流。
二是牢记岗位责任，具有免疫力。能不能过好金钱关是检验原则性强弱的试金石，是掂量其人格魅力的秤盘星。关键在于慎独，时刻告诫自己事事出于游客心。
三是强化职业素质，具有自控力。个别导游知错犯错的根源在于经不起种种诱惑，缺乏内在的定力。要加强道德修养和世界观改造，牢守游客原则防线、思想道德防线和法律法规防线，不伸手、不越轨，处处体现职业道德高境界，时时显示服务技能真水平，才能真正赢得游客的信赖。
四是待客公正平等，具有亲和力。导游要为游客进行长时间面对面的服务工作，摆正心态和和谐处理各种关系十分重要，要学会尊重、体贴和关心每一位游客，要做到服务全面性和针对性的有机结合。对部分旅游者出现的思想波动不横加指责，对少数游客存在的缺点不讽刺挖苦，对个别客人遇到的困难不袖手旁观。
青春活力是激发游兴的根本
提高游客满意度的关键在于激发旅游者的游兴，要想使游客在整个旅游活动过程中始终保持旺盛的精力、高昂的兴致，导游自己必须做到青春洋溢、活力四射，具有出色的鼓动能力和诱导作用。
一是要讲解生动。要安排多彩的节目、动听的故事和运用感人至深的情感来凭吊古迹文物，要充分考虑游客人身财产安全、旅游心理和个体细致生活服务。
二是要详细了解旅游全过程的各种情况，掌握及时与旅游团队进行有效沟通的方法。成功地带领、组织和引导团队，需要导游工作团队(全陪、领队、地陪、讲解员等)、司机和旅游者的互相支持，要详细了解旅游过程中的情况，掌握如何将了解到的情况告诉司机、团长和旅游者的渠道和方法，多采取鼓舞、激励等积极的办法引导大家顺利完成旅游活动。
三是要经常关心游客生活。要与游客打成一片，以自己的实际行动激发游客的旅游热情。要有自知之明，努力克服个人的缺点，充分发挥优点，把全体游客集体利益和圆满完成带团任务放在首位。做到时刻鼓动游客不畏困难艰险，能在气馁时刻使游客面带微笑，能在困难中获得必要的外援，能提高团队的士气并使游客始终对自己充满信心。要善于提高凝聚力和士气，加强游客的团结与协作精神，赢得游客的支持和帮助。
观察能力是服务出色的基础
敏锐的观察能力是新形势下对导游的基本要求，有利于导游选择对客服务的适当时机和对旅游活动情况做出预测，通过及时服务和正确判断能够确保导游提供出色的接待服务。导游应在三方面注意积累：
一是注意总结。导游要多了解、学习和交流自己和他人的带团日记和工作总结，并使之成为经常性行为和良好的工作习惯。日记和总结是产生经验的源泉，可帮助导游通过借鉴过去带团的成功范例来解决与预测问题，也可以增强工作的自信心。
二是实际带团。带团技能可以为确定带团旅游需求提供依据，研究带团艺术可以确定哪些事情可能办到，了解游客的旅游动机有助于完成既定的任务。掌握实际带团观察力，可使导游制定出协调运用旅游团队各种力量以取得预期带团效果的游览方案。
三是组织有序。组织观察力可使导游关心游客，使游客积极主动地配合司陪人员和旅游接待相关部门的工作，有序实施旅游计划，顺利进行旅游活动。要保持组织观察力，导游必须亲自参加各项活动，为团队和游客服务，关心游客的游兴、动机和偏好。
永葆朝气是工作创新的保证
导游如果没有朝气，必然漫不经心、萎靡不振，工作也死气沉沉、枯燥无味。导游有朝气，就能够做到开拓进取、锐意创新，以新观念、新办法、新技能努力开创工作新境界。导游要做到永葆朝气，必须做到三不：
一是正视困难不气馁。导游在带团旅游过程中，常常会因为沟通不够、信任不足发生一些“背黑锅”的事、受气的事和不被人理解的事。要经得起这些委屈和误会，做到做人、做事态度积极而不消极。
二是负重奋进不低头。导游工作任务十分繁重，新情况、新问题、新任务、新工作层出不穷，压力非常大。必须做到负重奋进，在压力面前决不低头，以充沛的精力、体力和智力进行综合考虑和协调配合，努力推动旅游工作的顺利开展。
三是勇于开拓不后退。导游不能局限于原有的老套路、过去的旧办法，不能被旅游行业的条条框框束缚住自己的视野和思路，要乐于从各行各业汲取新观念、不断从游客的现实需要中接受新事物，工作中要体现出一种敢于突破常规、敢于突破经验、敢为天下先的创新能力和创新精神。要经常思索旅游者是否更加满意，要时刻考虑旅游线路能不能继续更新，要随时揣摩导游方法可不可以持续改进，要反复琢磨接待服务会不会更加切合实际。
提升才气是成就事业的关键
才气是知识、经验、能力和工作水平的综合体现。导游要得到旅游者的广泛欢迎，就必须力争工作出特色、服务上水平；要符合旅游行业的现实需要，就必须具有高尚的职业道德和超强的服务意识，并时刻保持旺盛的精力和清醒的头脑；要顺应旅游产业的发展趋势，就必须不断掌握现代科技知识，还能与时俱进、具有国际视野和战略思维。导游的综合素质是这一切的首要保证，只有不断提升才气，导游才能成就一番事业。
要提升自己的才气，导游必须在两个方面下苦功夫：一是千方百计丰富知识功底。导游是游人之师，应该熟知天文地理、中外历史、风土人情等各方面的知识。导游要真正胜任岗位工作，就必须勤于学习史地知识、游记文学，广泛涉猎中外民俗、异域风情，不断拓展工作视野和知识领域，争当学者型导游人才，努力成为导游界的行家里手。
二是想方设法综合利用已有的知识和技能。怎样针对不同国籍、不同种族的旅游者心理特点和现实需要运用相关知识，怎样综合利用已有的史地知识、诗歌文学知识、艺术美学知识、科学管理知识服务于旅游活动和旅游团队，怎样区别对待不同职业、不同年龄的旅游者，充分发挥自己已经掌握的服务技术和导游技能来提高工作水平和游客满意度，是导游始终需要处理的困难和面临的挑战。
铸造名气是自我实现的核心
名气不是自封的，而是行业的认同和广大游客的"口碑"。导游的思想和行为，能力与水平，旅游者看得最透彻，最有发言权。名气传颂会对导游工作产生极大的激励和促进作用，会为旅游业和导游本身带来较好的经济效益，有助于导游个人价值的社会化和最大化。名气的铸造，需要从夯实自身综合素质的点点滴滴做起，要有过硬的职业道德素质和渊博的旅游文化知识，要有较高的导游服务技能与强健的个人身体素质。
One must have basic knowledge of tour guide, such as traffic, ticketing, hotels, common sense,
2 good and skills
3 good communication skills
4 language and language ability
5 the basic knowledge, include buildings, temples, gardens, etc
Six basic knowledge, such as religion, the basic knowledge of Buddhism
7 tourism geography knowledge
8 ethnic and folk knowledge
Through the national tour guide qualification examinations, perform certain procedures can be listed with group, but this does not mean that can be a good guide for passing the exams, which doesn't mean with practical ability, between a considerable gap. There are numerous and guide, to master the skill of these skills will need in practice, in the practice of multi-directional others learn.
Well, how to improve the ability to guide practice?
A good tour guide, more with tourists from the emotional communication. Good communication, guide and tourists would go near more.it is difficult, and easier to solve, Communicate well, visitors will be produced to guide from psychology, the relationship will more and more difficult, even in this guide to tourists cannot accept the service, finally a figure. Good guides can drive the whole mood, such as a full of humour and wit little joke with tourists can close distance. Even the appearance of accidents, good guide also can successfully solved.
Second, good guide to high levels of oral expression, known as the local conditions and customs of this region, With the guide of foreign or abroad must be proficient in foreign languages.
Third, good guide to extensive cultural knowledge. Visitors to the different needs of different cultural knowledge, therefore the cultural knowledge to guide overall: war and armed grand, ancient literature and archaeological excavations, landscape architecture, religion, literature and art, folk customs, cultivate one's morality raises a gender, medical health, diet, entertainment, fitness, dress clothes, spot, flower...
Anyhow, a good tour guide is not necessarily the experts, but it must be a feeling, can communicate with high level language to express the author
Guide want to have infected tourists personality charm, must prepare the four aspects:
One is to grasp the value orientation, centripetal force. Guide's personnel to tourism team food, housing, transportation, traveling, shopping and amusing activities, must fully responsible for the moment, good visitors stand in standpoint, tourists from wrongs, value orientation, not convinced.
Two is that, with the personal responsibility. Can JinQianGuan good is the touchstone of strength test principle, the personality charm ChengPan dian. The key lies in the moment, everything warned his self-supervision for tourists.
Three is to strengthen the professional quality, have self-control. Individual guide say the root of the mistakes of temptation, lack of internal to the concentration. To strengthen the moral cultivation and outlook transformation, keep visitors defenses, moral principles and laws and regulations, not stretch out his hand, not line, reader-first professional ethics, always show high level service skills, can really true win the trust. Tourists
Four is fair and equal, have affinity entertaining. The tour guide should for visitors to prolonged face-to-face service work, adjust the harmonious relationship with all sorts of attitude and is very important, you must learn to respect and consideration and care each visitor, and comprehensive services to achieve organic combination of. The thought of partial tourists commitment not to fluctuation, the shortcomings of not a few visitors to individual guest sarcasm, not just the difficulties.
Youth is the fundamental YouXing inspire
The key to improve tourist satisfaction, stimulate the tourists to make YouXing tourists in the whole process of tourist activities always keep energetic energy, high enthusiasm, guide must accomplish youthful and energetic personality, and have good agitation ability and inducing effects.
One is to explain and vivid. To arrange and colorful programs, beautiful story and touching to deep cultural relics, fully consider personal property security, travel tourist psychology and individual meticulous service life.
The detailed understanding of tourism, grasp timely communicate effectively with travel team. Successfully lead and organize and guide team work, need to guide the team leader, accompany, (etc), accompanied, commentator driver and tourists to support each other, detailed understanding in the process of tourism, how to master the situation will tell the driver, head and tourists channels and methods, adopt positive incentives inspired, to guide you finish tourism activities.
Three are often about life. Visitors will become one with own practical action to inspire visitors warm. Should have self-knowledge, try to overcome the shortcoming, give full play to the individual, collective interests and all visitors to complete tasks with group in the first place. Do not difficult moments, impulse tourists in the moment that tourists can discourage smile, can obtain the necessary in trouble, can improve the foreign visitors to the morale of the team and to always be confident in your ability. Must be able to raise cohesive force and morale, to strengthen unity and cooperation spirit of tourists and visitors won the support and help.
Observation is the foundation of excellent service
Keen observation is under the new situation, to guide the basic requirements of the guest services to guide the appropriate choice of tourist activities and forecast that by timely service and correct judgement to ensure provide excellent guide services. Guide should notice accumulation in three aspects:
A note. The tour guide should know more, learn and communicate with group of ourselves and others, and summarizes diary and work has become a regular behavior and good work habits. Diary and summarize the experience is produced, may help guide through the source for the successful paradigm to solve the problem, and also can strengthen the confidence of the work.
Second is the actual belt. To determine which skills can take a tour group needs to provide basis for research and art can determine what things impossible, understand the visitors to the tourist motives to finish tasks. Master actual observation, which can be used to guide develop coordination of power in order to obtain travel team with the expected effect of group visit scheme.
Three is organized. Organization observation can make tourists, visitors guide CARES actively cooperate with cheese with personnel and related department of tourism, orderly implementation plan, travel tourist activities smoothly. To maintain an organizational observation, guide must attend activities, for the team and tourist service, YouXing tourists, motivation and preferences.
Work is the innovation vigor forever
Guide if no spark, inevitably, careless, flagging work also inanimate, dull. Guide vigorous, can do pioneering, innovation, new concepts, new method and new skills to create new jobs. The tour guide should do forever, you must do the three-no vitality:
A face not discouraged. Guide with a tour group in the process of communication, often because some deficiencies, trust, "take" characteristics and not to be understood. To withstand the injustice and misunderstanding, do, do not negative and positive attitude.
2 don't bend endeavour load. Guide task workload, new problems and new tasks, the new work to emerge in endlessly, very great pressure. Must endeavour, in the front loading pressure will, energetic, physical and mental synthetically considering and coordination, efforts to promote tourism work smoothly.
Three is to not retreat. Guide not confined to the original old routine, past the old way of tourism industry, cannot be dogma his vision and ideas from all walks of life, be willing to absorb new ideas, continuously from the reality of tourists to accept new things, and work to reflect a dare to break routine, the courage to break through experience and courageous innovation spirit and innovation ability. Always think whether more satisfaction to tourists all tourist routes can continue to update, can consider guide method, continuous improvement repeatedly to ponder reception services will be more realistic.
Ascension is brilliant achievements
Talent is the knowledge, experience, competence and level of work. The tour guide should have extensive welcome tourists, they must strive for working characteristics, service level, To conform to the tourism industry, it must have need of noble profession morality and super service consciousness, and keep energetic energy and sober mind, To conform to the trend of the development of tourism industry, we must keep in modern scientific and technological knowledge, master can keep pace with The Times, with international vision and strategic thinking. Guide the comprehensive quality of the primary guarantee that all this is only rising talented, guide to a career.
To improve their brilliant, guide must be in two aspects: one is the hard left no stone unturned in rich knowledge background. The guide is known of visitors, history, geography, astronomy, customs and so on various aspects of knowledge. The tour guide should really do jobs, we must diligently learn ShiDe knowledge, travel and folk literature, widely browse, amorous feelings, expanding knowledge, work and struggle to become talents, scholar tour guides the expert.
2 is trying to comprehensive utilization of existing knowledge and skills. According to the different nationality, how the psychological characteristics of different RACES to tourists and the real need use knowledge, comprehensive utilization of existing knowledge of literature, poetry ShiDe knowledge, artistic aesthetic knowledge, science management knowledge service in tourism activities and tourism group, how to differentiate between different professions and different age of tourists, give full play to their master's service technology and has been working to improve the level of skills to guide and tourist satisfaction is always need to deal with the difficulties guide and challenges.
Fame is the fulfillment of the molten core
Fame is neither self-given, but industry and the "public" tourists. Guide the thought and behavior, ability and level, at the most thorough, tourists speak most. Famed for fame will guide work greatly and promptings, for tourism and guide itself will bring good economic benefits, to guide the socialization and individual value maximization. Fame, need from ramming the casting their comprehensive qualities of dribs and have excellent start professional morality and profound cultural tourism knowledge, must have higher guide service skills and strong personal body quality.
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